Top 15 Sights in Egypt Including Map

Egypt is a country full of breathtaking structures of unimaginable scale, mythology, and the feeling of standing among significant pieces of human history. In our article, learn all about the 15 most important sights in Egypt that you must visit during your trip.

Do you want to walk in the footsteps of the Pharaohs, solve the riddle of the Sphinx, and explore the mystical land along the Nile? Then stay tuned and receive all the information in our comprehensive article about the 15 most interesting sights in Egypt that you can visit on your travels to the land of pyramids and Pharaohs.

The following map shows you the most significant sights in Egypt at a glance:

Only 15 kilometers from Cairo are the Pyramids of Giza, considered one of the most important sights in Egypt.

The last remaining of the Ancient Wonders was built between 2620 and 2500 BC by approximately 10,000 workers. The Pyramids are situated in an area previously used as a cemetery for the Pharaohs. There are no records of the construction of the pyramids, so scientists and archaeologists still puzzle over how the stone blocks, weighing up to 2.5 tons, could have been assembled in a relatively short time. Additionally, the architecture exhibits such precision that can only be achieved with the most modern technology, which is thus difficult to explain. Moreover, part of the myth of the pyramids is that they are virtually empty: neither the typical burial goods for such structures nor mummies could be recovered. If you want to learn more fascinating information about the Pyramids of Giza, then make sure to check out our article on the subject.

The Sphinx of Giza is a legendary sculpture located right near the Pyramids of Giza, making it similarly accessible. According to Greek legend, the Sphinx besieged the city of Thebes and posed her famous riddle to travelers: which creature walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening. If answered incorrectly, the Sphinx would purportedly strangle and consume the individual. Hence the name 'Sphinx,' which translates to 'the strangler.' Only Oedipus correctly answered the riddle with 'Man,' freeing Thebes from the Sphinx.

In addition to its impressive size - 73.5 meters long and 20 meters high - the lioness with the human head dates back approximately 4,500 years and is still almost completely intact as it was mostly covered by sand. Over the years, the Sphinx was revised multiple times and last uncovered in 1818; however, it is no longer permitted to excavate further due to fears from Egyptian authorities of potential damage to the monument.

Fun Fact: The Sphinx is not missing its nose due to the erosion of time, but because an iconophobic sheikh removed it out of fear of blasphemy in 1378.

Luxor is a city in southern Egypt that is located at the site of the ancient Thebes.

This city cannot be missed in our listing of the most important sights in Egypt. Luxor translates to 'City of Palaces.' Luxor still offers many interesting attractions for tourists, as it is located near the Valley of the Kings and Queens, the Karnak Temple Complex, and the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, the Egyptian queen who ruled Egypt in the 16th century BC. Additionally, the Luxor Temple is located in the city, which, compared to Karnak, is relatively 'new' as it was constructed around 1070 BC and is dedicated to the god Amun and his family. In the evening hours, the sunlight beautifully illuminates the columns and impressive statues, creating a mystical image.

Moreover, a visit to the Luxor Museum should not be missed. There, you will learn all about the background of the ancient city and the temples you previously visited, and you can also view ancient weapons, mummies, and sarcophagi. Once a year, at the beginning of Ramadan, a 13-day festival takes place, celebrated with a boat procession from Luxor to the Karnak Temple, which is an exciting, colorful experience.

Fun Fact: The Luxor Obelisk, which previously stood at the entrance of the temple, was gifted to France in 1836 and now stands at the Louvre.

The Valley of the Kings is located near Luxor and is a burial ground for kings of the 18th to 20th dynasties in Egypt.

The valley, opposite the Karnak Temple, was the final resting place of presumably more than 60 kings. The burial chamber of Tutankhamun became particularly famous as it was found completely unopened. This is unusual as many graves were already opened and looted in ancient Egypt. The valley, surrounded by rocks, also includes other tombs, such as the Valley of the Queens and the tombs of the Nobles. After the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb, the legend of the curse of the Pharaoh quickly spread, which stated that archaeologists would meet a gruesome fate. Indeed, some individuals involved in the excavations died, many from suicide out of fear of the curse.

Tip: To protect the important historical finds, there is a rule that each visitor can only visit three tombs. Therefore, it's best to consider in advance what you absolutely want to see. For the famous tomb of Tutankhamun, you will need to purchase a separate ticket.

The Karnak Temple, the largest temple complex in Egypt, is also located near Luxor and opposite the Valley of the Kings. Karnak, just like parts of Luxor, is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Among the largest ancient temple structures in the world are the temples of Ramses III, Chons, and Amun-Re. A gigantic stone hall and exquisitely decorated columns make Karnak a unique experience. The complex was used for offering sacrifices and prayers to appease the gods. This had to be performed by kings or specially trained high priests to maintain the order of the world. Therefore, the temples of ancient Egypt held immense importance, which explains why the temples, regarded as a small model of the world, were so meticulously maintained and lavishly equipped.

The legendary Library of Alexandria was established in the 3rd century BC. The initial collection, which likely included over 500,000 documents, was probably already provided at the opening, with more being added over the years.

Not a single papyrus roll has been found, which can be attributed to the poor durability in the humid climate and the constant use of the rolls. This was also known back then, which is why many library staff constantly copied the texts. The library worked closely with the Museion, a kind of religious school. Not everyone had access to the valuable writings; only selected individuals were allowed. The importance of the library can be measured by the fact that Egypt replaced Greece as the center of learning. In 2002, the new Bibliotheca Alexandrina was opened, located near the original site and housing around eight million books. About half of the building is filled with a vast reading room.

Good to know: The integrated Taha Hussein Library also offers visually impaired individuals the opportunity to experience literature.

In Cairo, as should be expected, stands the largest museum of ancient Egyptian art and one of the most significant sights in Egypt. It was founded by the government in 1835 to prevent further looting of archaeological treasures.

The museum now houses over 150,000 exhibits, including mummies of famous pharaohs, making it one of the most diverse archaeological collections overall. The special feature of the Egyptian Museum is that, unlike many European museums, it solely displays Egyptian artifacts. However, due to space limitations, many finds cannot be displayed and are stored in an inaccessible basement. Because of this, the new Grand Egyptian Museum is being constructed and is set to become the largest archaeological museum in the world, to which the collection will move upon completion. After some delays, the opening is planned for fall or winter 2022, so you should check in advance for the current status if you are interested in a visit.

Fun Fact: In 2010, a section for children was opened in the Egyptian Museum, offering child-friendly information about ancient Egypt, and important artifacts like Tutankhamun's death mask were recreated using Lego bricks.

Ras Mohammed National Park, located near Sharm el Sheikh, got its name from the highest rock that resembles a human head, hence called Ras Mohammed, or Mohammed's Head, by fishermen.

In this park, you'll find plenty of offerings, so nearly all wishes for outdoor activities can be fulfilled. From mountain biking to swimming or snorkeling, everything is available. The underwater world can significantly outshine the nature on land. Here you can see exotic fish and sea creatures amid colorful coral reefs. Divers will definitely have a great time in Ras Mohammed National Park.

Fun Fact: The Yolanda Reef is named after the ship of the same name that sank there in 1980. The remains of the ship cannot be dived due to environmental protection, but pieces of the former cargo can be found throughout the reef: toilet bowls and sinks. Curious!

What would our sights in Egypt be without the Red Sea? Much speculation exists about the naming of the not-so-red Red Sea.

First, the name Eritrea is derived from Greek and means red - this is also influenced by the lighting conditions that make the land around the sea appear red. Moreover, there's a significant presence of a specific type of algae that gives the sea a reddish glow. Regardless of the reasons, it has been called 'Mare Rubum', meaning Red Sea, since ancient times. Just like in the national park, you can also enjoy beautiful, clear water and colorful reefs along the shores of the sea. However, diving and snorkeling should only be done under the supervision of a guide, as the currents can be very strong and sudden. The Red Sea is also a highlight for surfers. Enjoy the water, whether for relaxation or sports.

In the Libyan Desert in the northwest of the country lies the Siwa Oasis.

Here you can admire olive trees and date palms standing in the middle of the desert. It's no wonder Alexander the Great loved this unusual place, for the ruins of the Temple of Amun, where his favored oracle was said to have resided, still stand here. You can also discover the remains of the ancient mud town of Siwa. Even today, various Bedouin tribes still live in Siwa, and the marketplace, mosque, and local museum should also be on your to-do list when visiting.

Fun Fact: Alexander the Great wished to be buried in Siwa, but this request was not honored by the reigning Pharaoh.

The Muhammad Ali Mosque, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, is a grand mosque in Cairo that was built in the Turkish style and opened in 1884.

Inside the mosque, the walls are clad in alabaster, and the floors are covered with red carpets. Particularly beautiful are the circularly arranged lights, which have now replaced the former oil lamps. To the right of the entrance is Muhammad Ali's tomb; he died in 1849 long before the construction of the mosque. In front of the mosque stands a gift from France, a large clock tower delivered in exchange for the obelisk of Luxor from Paris. However, the clock has never functioned.

People of other faiths can also visit the mosque outside of prayer times, but they should mind the rules. Shoes must be left at the entrance in a rack, and women should cover their shoulders, while they do not necessarily have to cover their hair. In front of the building, you can obtain information in various languages, and perhaps it would be worth your while to book a tour, as they are not overly expensive.

Tip: From the Muhammad Ali Mosque, you'll have a fantastic view over all of Cairo, provided the smog isn't too thick!

Saint Catherine's Monastery at the foot of Sinai is the oldest still inhabited Greek Orthodox monastery in the world.

It was completed in its current form in 560 AD and is said to house the remains of Saint Catherine, according to legend. Mount Sinai is known for the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses and his encounter with God in the burning bush. A branch of this legendary bush is said to still be found near the monastery. In 2002, Saint Catherine's Monastery was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Climbing and visiting options: The climb to the monastery can be somewhat arduous, which is why you can book a guided hike at night, for which you'll be rewarded with cooler temperatures and a breathtaking sunrise. If the hike is too strenuous, you can also ride a camel. After a break, you'll then visit the monastery as a group. For these tours, there are several providers, but be sure to consider the current travel warnings for Egypt issued by the Foreign Office. This currently advises against travel away from the coast, including to Mount Sinai and Saint Catherine's Monastery.

The Temple of Edfu was dedicated to the Egyptian god Horus, corresponding roughly to the Greek god of light, Apollo.

Horus, the god with the falcon head, is said to have fought an important battle against Seth at this very spot, which is why the temple complex was already a famous sanctuary in ancient times. Besides the temple, a large part of the ancient city of Edfu has been preserved, which you should certainly visit. Marvel at the giant columns, wander through impressive halls, admire the artfully carved reliefs, and imagine a long-gone era! This Egyptian temple on the west bank of the Nile is remarkably well-preserved, making it hard to believe it was built about 2,300 years ago. You will surely be just as impressed by your visit as we were!

In the 13th century BC, the Temple of Abu Simbel, one of the most famous sights in Egypt, was built in the same-named location.

It was dedicated to the worship of Pharaoh Ramses II and his wife Nefertari. The sitting statues of the pharaohs stand 20 meters tall and are oriented to the east, where the sun rises. This rock temple is also a UNESCO World Heritage site. Notably, the relocation of Abu Simbel in the 1960s to protect it from flooding by the Aswan Dam is worth mentioning. The entire temple complex was painstakingly dismantled piece by piece and rebuilt. By the way: On February 21 and October 21 every year, the solar phenomenon occurs. At this time, the sun stands at such a favorable angle that it can enter the temple and illuminate the statues of the gods inside.

The Aswan Dam was necessarily constructed in the 1960s to regulate water supply during dry periods while preventing flooding.

Both extremes had previously led to dramatic losses in crops, which caused famines. With the growing population, this could have had catastrophic consequences. Thus, the first, at the time the largest, dam of this nature was put into operation in 1902. When it became clear that it could also not hold enough water, starting in 1947, the idea for the great Aswan Dam was developed. This project also enabled large parts of the population to finally receive electricity. However, this construction project resulted in the loss of many Nubian neighborhoods. Many monuments like Abu Simbel had to be relocated to save them, while others sank in the new reservoir.

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